Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of cardiovascular electrophysiology procedures in preventing falls in older adults living in the community.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted of randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating electrophysiology interventions in community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years for falls prevention. We identified studies from a Cochrane review (Gillespie et al. 2012) plus databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL) and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP) searched February 2012 to May 2025. Study screening was conducted in duplicate. A single author (KG) extracted characteristics and short- (0-6 months), medium- (6-12 months) and long-term (≥12 months) outcomes of rate of falls, risk of falling and quality of life (QoL), conducted risk-of-bias (RoB2 tool) and GRADE certainty of evidence assessments according to Cochrane methods. Primary outcomes were long-term falls outcomes. Outcomes were pooled with generic inverse-variance meta-analysis when possible.
Results: Three RCTs enrolling participants with carotid sinus hypersensitivity and recurrent unexplained falls examining dual chamber pacing in comparison to usual care or loop recorder were included. Two trials reported long-term outcomes, one medium-term outcomes. The long-term effects on the rate of falls (rate ratio 0.57,95%CI 0.31-1.05, 2 trials, 299 participants, I2=50%), risk of falling (risk ratio 1.34, 95%CI 0.83-2.14,1 trial,128 participants) and QoL (mean EuroQuoL 0.66 pacemaker vs 0.57 loop recorder) were uncertain (very-low certainty evidence).
Conclusion: Current evidence for pacemakers to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults is uncertain, despite inclusion in guidelines1. High-quality, adequately powered trials using standardised fall outcomes are needed to clarify effectiveness and safety in contemporary practice.