Aims
Sarcopenia and frailty are associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation, falls and mortality. Current guideline-recommended tools to diagnose sarcopenia are not routinely performed in a cognitive workup. Temporalis muscle thickness (TMT), assessed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which are commonly performed in a cognitive workup, has been suggested as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia. We aimed to assess if TMT, measured using coronal T1-weighted images, was associated with clinical outcomes of hospitalisation, falls and mortality.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of patients who attended a memory clinic at Austin health, a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia in 2014. Patients with brain MRIs with adequate coronal T1-weighted brain MRI to be assessed were included. Frailty was assessed using a 54-item frailty index, with frail>0.25. Hospital electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical outcomes of hospitalisation, falls and morality. Cox proportional hazards models examined the relationship between sarcopenia, frailty and clinical outcomes over 5-years, adjusting for age.
Results
114 patients (Median age 75.6 years old (Interquartile range 66.3 – 83.0), 55% female, 34% frail, median TMT 5.3 millimetres (mm) (IQR 4.4 – 5.3). Adjusting for age, TMT was not associated with hospitalisation, falls and mortality. Frailty was associated with mortality (HR 4.34 95%CI 1.01 – 18.71, p=0.049), but not hospitalisation and falls.
Conclusions
TMT, measured by coronal T1-weighted images, was not associated with 5-year risk of hospitalisation, falls or mortality. Frailty was associated with mortality, but not hospitalisation and falls.