Aims: To present recruitment challenges of a trial comparing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of a supervised, multicomponent frailty management program plus health coaching versus a self-directed, online program in reducing frailty among mildly frail, community‑dwelling older adults in Australia.
Methods: FITTEST is an Australia-wide, parallel-group, individually randomised, type 1 hybrid comparative effectiveness–implementation trial. Community-dwelling adults ≥65 years with mild frailty (Frailty Index [FI] 0.15–0.35) are randomised to: (1) a supervised multicomponent intervention focused on four pillars. Exercise: combining clinic-based high intensity progressive resistance and home-based balance training; Diet: dietetic assessment and tailored advice via telehealth; Medication Optimisation: an online medication optimisation tool supported by goal-setting; and Social Support: structured engagement strategies, reinforced through health coaching calls over 6 months; or (2) a self-directed program delivered via a purpose-built website providing resources, behaviour change tools, and goal-setting supports across the four pillars. The primary outcome is change in FI at 6 months.
Results: Recruitment is ongoing. To date, 260 expressions of interest have been received, 235 screened, 71 eligible, 57 consented, and 50 randomised. Reasons for non-participation include time commitment, transport barriers, loss of interest, and FI outside the eligibility range. Key challenges and the necessary expansion of inclusion criteria to facilitate recruitment are discussed.
Conclusions: Early findings highlight limitations of recruiting solely through geriatric services due to limited numbers meeting frailty and participation criteria. Expanding to broader community recruitment substantially improved enrolment. Additional barriers include participant preferences for specific intervention arms and logistical challenges organising clinic-based exercise.