Aims: Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes following COVID-19 infection (1, 2). Weight loss and reduced physical activity are key components of frailty that are prevalent in residential aged care facilities (RACF) (3, 4). This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on mortality and frailty in non-hospitalised RACF residents, using weight loss and mobility as surrogate markers.
Methods: A retrospective observational case series was conducted using referrals to a metropolitan Residential In-Reach (RIR) service between 1st July and 30th September 2022. All COVID-19 related referrals of non-hospitalised residents were included. Baseline demographic data was collected. Mortality, weight and mobility status were assessed three months following COVID-19 infection.
Results: Of 35 eligible referrals, 22 residents had data available for descriptive analysis. The median age was 83 years. Vaccination coverage and antiviral use were high. COVID-19 infection was either mild (68.2%) or moderate (31.8%), with no severe cases. Cognitive impairment or dementia was the most prevalent comorbidity. Mortality and mobility decline were low (n=4 and n=3 respectively). Weight loss was common, affecting 10 residents, with a median percentage weight change of -4.15% among those who had lost weight.
Conclusions: With recent COVID-19 strains leading to milder infections and reduced hospitalisation, increasing attention should be shifted to its impact on morbidity (5). Unintentional weight loss may represent a key marker of post-COVID vulnerability and frailty. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional assessment and support following infection in this population. Larger studies are needed to better define these associations.